How to rotate and scale pages in an existing PDF?

I need some example code of using the PdfCopy class to resize a page. There is a PdfCopy.SetPagesize() function, but I have basically no idea how to properly scale the source page when it needs to be resized.

I'm using iTextSharp to import specific pages from a PDF, possibly rotate, resize or otherwise alter that page, and exporting it into a new PDF. To this end I'm using the PdfWriter class. The problem I'm running into is that when using the writer class, it doesn't appear to be including the visible annotations from the source page (for instance: the comment are missing).

I am looking for one of two solutions:

Preferably I'd like to continue using the PdfWriter class, but need it to copy/duplicate any visible annotations from the source pages and include them in the output, or
I need some example code of using the PdfCopy class to resize a page. There is a PdfCopy.SetPagesize() function (which doesn't work, which I suspect means I'm doing it wrong), but I have basically no idea how to properly scale the source page when it needs to be resized.

Posted on StackOverflow on Feb 19, 2014 by Finch042

I've created a small ScaleRotate example that looks like this.

PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(src);
int n = reader.getNumberOfPages();
PdfDictionary page;
for (int p = 1; p

Given an original PDF pages.pdf with rotated pages, cropped pages and annotations, we scale and rotate some pages, resulting in pages_altered.pdf.

We introduce a UserUnit of 2.5 for all pages that aren't scaled yet. If you change the UserUnit to 0.5, you'll see that it won't have any effect in Adobe Reader. The ISO standard for PDF says that the range that can be used for the user unit is implementation-independent. Version 1.7 of the PDF specification originally written by Adobe says: "Acrobat 7.0 supports a maximum UserUnit value of 75,000." Nothing is said about the minimum value, but experience tells us that the minimum value supported by Adobe Reader is 1, meaning you can't scale down.

As for the rotation, you can change the rotation of a page by changing the /Rotate key in the page dictionary. In the example, I removed the key, changing all pages shown in landscape (of which the value for /Rotate is 90) into portrait (the default value for /Rotate is 0). You'll notice that this doesn't have any effect on page 4. Page 4 isn't rotated. It looks like a page in landscape because the dimensions of the page are created in such a way that the width is greater than the height.

Summarized: it's a piece of cake to rotate pages in an existing PDF, so is scaling the pages up to a bigger size. If you want to downscale pages, you can only use PdfWriter (which throws away all annotations) and you need to copy the annotations separately after transforming all the /Rect values of these annotations. This is not a trivial task. It took one of our customers several weeks to achieve this correctly. Be prepared to spend an equal amount of time if that's what you want.

DISCLAIMER: the UserUnit value isn't supported by all viewers. Implementations may vary depending on the viewer that is used. The feature was introduced in PDF 1.6, meaning that the functionality won't work in any viewer supporting only older PDF versions.